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Columnar activated carbon adsorption pretreatment technology refers to the method of removing pollutants in water by using the adsorption property or exchange action of substances. Among them, the most used are hydrophobic substances which have strong adsorption effect on organic pollutants and odors in water. However, after the columnar activated carbon participates in the coagulation and precipitation process, it remains in the sludge, and there is no good recovery and regeneration method at present, resulting in high treatment costs and difficult to popularize and apply. Although the clay mineral adsorbents are abundant in supply, cheap in price and have good adsorption properties, a large amount of clay is put into the coagulant to increase the sludge discharge of the sedimentation tank, which brings certain difficulties to the production and operation.

France generally uses granular activated carbon in the drinking water treatment process, when used for odor removal and deodorization, the sand filter is placed before the activated carbon adsorption step, so that the water treatment effect is better, and the activated carbon life is more than three years. When activated carbon is used to remove all organic matter in the water, the sand filter is used as the second stage, and the activated carbon adsorption method or the biological activated carbon method used in combination with aeration is used as the first stage, so that the water treatment effect is increased by 20% to 40%.

In order to protect the drinking water in a low-lying area from benzene, toluene, chloroform, dichloroethylene and other organic matter pollution, the United States Environmental Protection Agency has built two activated carbon adsorption devices, using the granular activated carbon produced by Calgore company, each adsorption tower is filled with activated carbon 9t, and the drinking water is treated every day (the water plant mixes surface water with groundwater) 4546t.

In 1979, a dye factory in Dalian, China used cooling, settling, activated carbon adsorption, expanded limestone neutralization process to treat 1000-2000mg dinitrochlorobenzene containing 0.5% acid washing wastewater. The content of dinitrochlorobenzene in the effluent reached 5mg/L. The saturated carbon was desorbed with chlorobenzene, and was regenerated in the tower by purging steam regeneration.

Activated carbon adsorption method is an effective way to treat water, in recent years, activated carbon water treatment application methods continue to deepen the research, and gradually widely used, but it should be emphasized that activated carbon adsorption method for sewage treatment, often used as a secondary treatment, or even tertiary treatment. Wastewater treatment in the world's industrial developed countries is characterized by a large proportion of secondary treatment, such as the United States and the former West Germany in more than 70%, the United Kingdom accounted for almost 100%, many countries have begun to study the application of sewage treatment, including activated carbon adsorption, the wastewater as a second water source to be used. In addition, it should be pointed out that the combined water treatment process, including activated carbon adsorption method, has better water treatment effect and wider application range.

At present, the adsorbents used for water treatment are columnar activated carbon, diatomite, silica, activated alumina, zeolite and ion exchange resin. In recent years, some new adsorption materials have been developed, such as porous synthetic resin, columnar activated carbon fiber and so on.