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The adsorption of solute molecules in water by powdered activated carbon is a complex process, which is the result of the combined action of several forces, including ion attraction, van der Waals force and chemical impurity force. According to the two-rate diffusion theory of adsorption, adsorption is a two-speed process consisting of two stages of rapid diffusion and slow diffusion, and rapid diffusion is completed within a few hours, playing 60% to 80% of the adsorption capacity of activated carbon. Rapid diffusion is a process in which solute molecules are diffused in large pores with low resistance distributed radially in carbon particles. These large pores create radial diffusion resistance. When the molecule diffused further from the macropore into the micropore connected with the macropore, it was extremely slow due to the great resistance generated by the narrow aperture. The micropores are also evenly distributed within the carbon particles, but do not constitute radial diffusion resistance. The factors affecting the adsorption of powdered activated carbon involve the polarity, molecular weight and spatial structure of solute, which depend on the characteristics of water quality. Activated carbon has selective adsorbability to different substance molecules.